Discrimination Is A Major Problem Among People From The...

Discrimination has been a major problem among people from the beginning. People hated each other because of the difference in skin color. Concept of discrimination is deep rooted and it has been passed on to the generations like it is a part of DNA. This problem is increasing day by day. Although there are many campaigns going on against discrimination but still it is a question mark in this era. Even having awareness today, still kids are developing negative and racial behavior at their younger age, which is a very serious issue. There are countless articles written in magazines and in newspapers and many live programs about this issue have been aired to aware people about this seriousness. This selected image by using innocence of a child as a weapon and by showing three modes of appeals ethos, logos and pathos as a whole itself makes the argument strong and effective. It is the front page of a magazine Newsweek. There is a white and blonde baby in the picture who looks like observ ing something and may be surprised or curious. Baby’s eyes are wide open which is unusual. There is a headline on the baby’s forehead saying â€Å"is your baby racist?† followed by a sentence â€Å"exploring the roots of discrimination†. The authors mentioned on the picture are Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman from Nurtureshock. There is a date on the top that shows when it was published that is Sep 14,2009. The background of the image is full black and baby also has a shadow on his neck. The authors whoShow MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Discrimination927 Words   |  4 Pages From the beginning of time where slavery began, there is no sure way to know what stemmed the root of racism and discrimination. But who is to say that racism is a term that is only associated with Blacks, African Americans, or those of African descent. Racism according to Merriam Webster dictionary is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Even though it is a term that may beRead More Anti-Semitism Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesAnti-Semitism Discrimination and prejudice have been in our world for as long as humans have themselves. Discrimination has caused problems in societies all throughout history. But despite all of the terrible things that have happened because of prejudice and discrimination, it continues to live on in our world today. Anti-Semitism, prejudice against Jews, is a form of discrimination that has caused perhaps the most problems throughout history. Many people describe anti-Semitism as more thanRead MoreDiscrimination Against Native American Indian1588 Words   |  7 Pageswas that of the Native American Indian. 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Newspapers coined the word â€Å"Terrorism† as a way of describing Robespierre and his followers’ actions (History of Terrorism). The Jacobins then gave themselves the honor of calling themselves â€Å"Terrorists† (History of Terrorism). Which became the firstRead MoreGender Issues in the Workplace1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthe work place, but that is not always the case. Companies need to be careful with gender issues; they could lead to law suits and cost millions of dollars. People whether it is men or women should be hired, promoted, or given raises based on their experience not their gender. Dealing with gender issues in the work place can create many problems that can be solved by treating all employees equally. Women have been denied rights in the work place for many years. There are many laws in place to protectRead MoreRacism By William Shakespeare s Othello1197 Words   |  5 Pagesethnic groups. Racism is generally defined as discrimination, prejudice, or antagonism directed against an individual(s) of a different race or ethnicity based on a certain belief. Every society that once lived on this Earth has essentially been affected by this global issue. Racism has been one of the most malicious aspects of the human race since the very beginning of history, and is still a topic of great debate in modern society. As all the major events of the human race are imperative, the issueRead MoreRetail Clothing Store, Abercrombie And Fitch906 Words   |  4 Pagescase ruling involving religious discrimination. AF was in court in 2015 for refusing to hire a Muslim woman who insisted on wearing her headscarf to work (Abercrombie Settles Religious Discrimination Case After Supreme Court Ruling, 2015). The courts ruled that Abercrombie fitch violated their â€Å"look policy† and was ruled to pay $25,670 to the woman (Abercrombie Settles Religious Discrimination Case After Supreme Court Ruling, 2015). These, among other discriminations against individuals religiousRead MoreThe Classical Music Of The Modern Era1465 Words   |  6 Pagesand Tchaikovsky, are all famous classical composers from the six different eras of music. The music scene has always been male dominated from the composers to the performers. There were a few female composers however, for those times, but the few that there were, were shunned for their attempt at fame and those who were vaguely popular were claimed to have only achieved success from the fame of their husband. These issues of gender discrimination against women are still apparent in all aspects of

Analysis Of A Crucible Of Reform Movement - 1653 Words

Abbi Sullins Mrs. Nix AP US History 2 October 2017 Born to Create Change Louisa May Alcott was in every way born to become a reformist. It is even said that â€Å"[a]s an adult, Louisa May sometimes signed her letters, ‘Yours for reforms of all kinds’† (Concord Women Cast First Votes). Growing up in early nineteenth century Massachusetts, â€Å"a crucible of reform movements,† to parents who were both incredibly dedicated to reformation, she was exposed to many different reform movements throughout the entirety of her life. While her immense success as an author would ultimately overshadow her devout work for women’s rights, she is still to be considered an essential pioneer for the women’s right to vote in Concord. Alcott’s early life and family†¦show more content†¦These men would look out for Louisa and her three sisters, keeping the girls from going hungry and cold in the harsh New England winters. The men’s kindness and direct influence on Louisa as she grew up would add to the influence reform movements had on Louisa May Alcott. Abby Alcott, Louisa’s mother, was a highly educated young woman, rare for her time, but like her husband, made poor decisions that would ultimately hurt the family’s well-being severely. Abby worked as a nurse for families living in poverty, who could not afford health care from paid doctors. However, Mrs. Alcott was very careless about her nursing and never bothered to ask what she was treating. Her carelessness caused her to bring home smallpox and scarlet fever to her husband and four daughters. The Scarlett fever Abby brought home would eventually lead to the death of one of her daughters, Beth (Steven 112). Her parent’s financial carelessness lead her to â€Å"beg[in] writing to make money for her mother and three sisters†(DeSalle). Louisa also at one point in her childhood vowed that she would one day become rich so she could provide for her family, in the way her father had not. Aside from their careless errors, the Abby and Bronson Alcott relentlessly fought for what they believed in. The Alcott’s wereShow MoreRelatedA View from the Bridge: Story of a Brooklyn Longshoreman6101 Words   |  25 Pageshost of major events both on the national landscape and in Miller’s own life. 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Analysis of Arabian Nights Free Essays

ARABIAN NIGHTS SYNOPSIS In Baghdad there was a Sultan named Shahryar who had gone mad because he accidentally killed his wife who was unfaithful to him for he had an affair with the Sultan’s brother, Schahzenan. He gone mad because he thought that every women wanted to kill him and for that he requests to bring a harem girl to marry and be killed the next day. A clever woman named Scheherazade decide to marry the Sultan in order to prevent his madness. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Arabian Nights or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the help of a storyteller she tells the him a story every night and stopping every dawn with a cliffhanger and refuse to continue until its night time again. This prevents the Sultan to kill Scheherazade and the stories she was telling has lessons and will cure the madness of the Sultan. The stories she had told were Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, The Tale of the Poor Hunchback, Aladdin and the Magic Lamp, The Sultan and the Beggar and The Three Princes. When Schahzenan heard about the Sultan’s madness and thought of it as his weakness, he took advantage of it. He formed an army to battle with him in getting the throne but he failed because Sultan Shahryar was cured by Scheherazade with her stories. The Sultan fell in love with her and because of the morals of her stories they defeated the army. At the end, Scheherazade was telling the whole story to her children. ANALYSIS 1. Give three traditional, cultural and customary practices shown in the movie. Explain its significance. A. The remarriage of the Sultan after the death of his wife or to pass the throne to a sibling. This can be considered a tradition because this practice has been done a long time ago. Almost all royal families do this. This is an important tradition because this speaks of loyalty and sincerity of the king or the sultan to his position. Marrying again shows that he is dedicated to his position that he does not let his emotions conquer him. That even he is grieving to the death of his former wife; he doesn’t mind it because what more important is his people and not his own self and own happiness. He is not willing to give up the throne because he knew it might affect his people and their daily lives. When the leader changes, adjustment of the people becomes difficult. Many would not agree and many will be against it. A good leader knows this well that is why he gives good decisions. B. The performance of an exotic dance to celebrate a victory. This is a cultural practice for this shows the culture of a certain group. In the movie, in the part about Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, Morgiana, the love of Ali Baba performed a dance in celebration of their victory. It is a victory for defeating the enemies. This is significant because this presents the true picture of a group. It shows what the group is, what do they do and how they make-known their culture. It is therefore important because this will be the way that they can be recognized and appreciated. That they can show to all that they also possess a rich culture. In just a simple dance number, every movement, the music, the steps, the costume and the emotions talks about something, it talks about a story which is about them and their tradition. C. The offering of a dowry in asking a princess for marriage. This is a very known practice ever since for in ancient stories every man who wants to marry should offer something special and costly to the woman and the family. This is also considered important because this shows respect and assurance to the future of the couple. This just represent that the family of the woman can be at peace that they can give their child to a trustworthy man. And this is also important because this gives a man the opportunity to present himself and prove to be a gentleman. 2. Give three to five representations of human character and how these human nature shown in the movie. A. Courageous Courage is the ability to face difficulty and this trait is possessed by Scheherazade. She was willing to risk her life just to save her fellow women from the mad Sultan. Even she was a little nervous of what she had decided, she face the challenge with great courage and bravery, letting her fate decide what will happen to her as long as she pursue her plan. B. Wise This trait is possessed by Aladdin when he snatched the lamp from Mustappa. He used his skills and took it as an opportunity to bring back the lamp to his owner, himself. Even pick-pocketing is a bad habit, he still used it in a useful and good reason. He did it because he knew, Mustappa has evil plans for it. C. Oppurtunistic This negative trait is possessed by Sultan Harun Al-Rashid when he always plays a prank with the beggar, Amin. He took advantage of Amin because he thinks he is weak and that he could have fun using him. But at the end, because of his bad trait, he faced his consequence and that is to be killed by the person he belittled before. D. Loving This is presented by the three princes, they showed how much they love their father even at first, they always compete and quarrel. Even they always do this, their reason is always, they love their father and they will do anything for him. When they were requested to bring back a special thing to their father, they exerted effort and time just to have it. And also because of the love they have for their parent, the three of them learn to rule the kingdom with peace and harmony. E. Pessimistic Sultan Shahryar is pessimistic. This was shown when he was betrayed by his wife. Because of this experience, he blinded himself that all women are trying to kill him. He generalize that women has bad intentions against him. He did not try to see the brighter side of life, that what had happened to him has a purpose and reason, instead he let himself sink to his emotions and this had conquered his mind that is why he became mad. 3. Give three universal truths drawn from the movie and its application to personal experience. A. No man is an island. Even if how strong a person is, how brave he is and how unbreakable he is, he might not admit it, but he still needs a shoulder and a hand for support. I am not this kind of person but I think this is one lesson that might get from the story. I observe this with others, who shows the world they do not need help but when problems come they hopelessly aiming for it. Nobody survives alone, everyone needs somebody because as I can see, you cannot talk, cry, laugh and tap yourself. It’s much better to see someone who are happy when you are happy and wipes your tears when in pain. For short, it’s best when you have true friends. B. People who do bad things suffer the consequence of their action in the end. I always believe in this line because every action done has a corresponding consequence, may it be good or bad, it always depends on the former action. In my experience, what I did was, I didn’t ask permission that I’ll accompany my cousin at the park. We went there and played in â€Å"monkey bars†. Unfortunately, I fell and broke my bone in the arm. And I really put this lesson in my mind. I also saw this in people who engaged in bad activities like pick-pocketing. They might benefit in that act but the so called karma, it might not strike them, instead their loved ones suffer for them. C. Everything happens for a purpose. This lesson may be applied in every situation and in any kinds of problems. Whatever happens, there is always a reason, we may not see it easily but as time passes by, we tend to realize why it had happened. Many problems come and sometimes we fail, but we should be open minded and realize that bad things happen because it will be exchanged with much of happiness. BEST PART OF THE MOVIE For me, the best part of the movie is when Scheherazade conducted her plan to save the women and to rescue the Sultan from madness. In the time that she told the Sultan stories in order for him to heal. I like this because it showed â€Å"girl-power†. It showed that even a long time ago, women had also out win men. That in a simple act, she had changed a very big thing. In this part, it showed that women are wise and courageous. I am very pleased and as I see it, I can’t resist feeling very proud of her and us, her fellow women. It showed that we can also be strong, that we can also stand and conquer something. It can be respect, power and appreciation of others. It’s brings me to an inspiration that I can also be like her, to have the courage to face difficulties. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. When watching the movie, the viewer should listen and take notes of the lines being uttered by the characters. This is because, these lines give inspiring thought to its viewers and it can be applied to some situations in each lives. 2. When watching, try to see yourself in the situation or in the characters because there is reality in their every action. There is truth in what they are doing because it can happen in a person in certainty. How to cite Analysis of Arabian Nights, Papers

Managing Human Resources with Strategic Planning At Bizops Enterprises

Question: Discuss about the Managing Human Resources Strategic Planning At Bizops Enterprises. Answer: Introduction The report would look into the Human Resource strategic planning of the BizOp's from various angle. The first part will identify the organizational structure of the firm to create a communication plan. The researcher would act as an external HR consultant for the firm where the management structure is elaborating the issues of communication of values, objectives, philosophies and policies of the business. The support gained for such a plan is also elaborated in the study. Using the structures provided for the plans and its implementation the support system needed is also elaborated. Further, in the second part, with ten different subheads of assessment, the strategic direction, its objectives and purpose are elaborated. The risk management plan is elaborated using the format provided. Nevertheless, the need for training and development along with its needs for better operations are also justified in here.[1] All issues about the training and development are done along with three strategic guidelines to monitor and review the process so that the needed changes can be accommodated in the plan for training for best results. The performance evaluation against the set objectives would give space for improvements, which is being discussed in this part. Stakeholders Communication Plans Considering the stakeholders as in the provided the chart a communication plan is being laid down to build their HR preferences and reach an agreement on policies, values, and philosophies of the business.[2] Manager Director Financial Operations Message (what requirement of support) Communication method Method to obtain support for plan Responsibility Purpose: Identify their HR preferences Reach agreement on philosophies Values and policies. The managing directors need the information relevant to stir the business towards a better direction. Hence, current business reports with competitors policies and reports are given to have clarity upon the operations. Hence they would need the relevant information. The Information technology has been of great use in modern-day business where all the needed Head of the departments can assemble for a group chat without moving from their office via Video Callings. The CEO is the one who may monitor the conversations and the style of operations to be adopted which have adherence to the company's overall goal of values, responsibilities, impact study, etc. [3] The best mode of communication is via electronic mail methods which may have context along with pictures to support the evidence of their findings. This is a fast and real-time method that helps in getting prompt results to counter any external threat of business.[4] Each of the stakeholders in decision making may put forth their point in such communication for the group. The brand's growth story kept in mind where the green and unique product is the source of its differentiating attribute has to be kept intact where the future goals have to be kept in mind. Keeping this in mind the stakeholders are to be made the achievement leaders where their say is also communicated back in real time via such communication platform2. All the managing directors are giving their field of business operations. Each change in the process makes way for new adaptations for all as and how needed. To keep each of the stakeholders (here the managing directors) such is needed. The support plan is also drawn out by them and if needed be one may take the assistance of others like the operations for some change may request the MD of HR to make suitable changes in the operations of manpower. Such way the support system works.[5] The agreement on a plan or process which is new or needs to be implemented for better business outcome needs all departmental support. The agreement needs to be reached where all knows what their role is in the manner and who are the closest that needs to be kept informed and the steps needed to be carried out. An agreement of operating procedure is being met with to keep the rest as per the plan. A system runs with the coordination and involvement of all the other departments. The operational changes affect the budget, manpower requirements, retails operations. Thus on an overall view, the team as under the CEO gets the plan which the further implement with their departmental hierarchy and may give responsible managers to look into their area of operations and make necessary amendments as per the need of the business operations. The changes made for the new operation style is communicated back to the needed personnel to explain it to their team in regards to the new job responsibility and outcomes expected. The responsibility of each of the managers is being discussed where each one has to agree and access if the manpower is efficient enough to carry out the given task. The values and philosophies of the business being prime for execution of the steps, so the HODs gives the right man with the right skill the job to commence. They can make a plan to standardize it in among the others with special training and learning classes to bring the people nearer to the targeted changes and virtues for best outcomes3. All are given responsibility in accordance which makes the job much more shared and the team come togethe in performing it with ease. Manager Director Business Operations Message (what requirement of support) Communication method Method to obtain support for plan Responsibility Purpose: Identify their HR preferences[6] Reach agreement on philosophies. Values and policies. The need for a certain style of operations with the changing times makes the business competent in the competitive market. The people who are much more aware of what is happening and the ways to counter them are given them a patient hearing. Thus communicating the need along with the wants of the departmental heads are essential for this phase so far as the MD is concerned. Reaching an agreement is as aspect which the CEO is responsible for being given the direct role to do so by the board of directors. The message of support to be received from each department is made clear which are the targets they are expected to achieve is. The method of communication can be written, spoken or via the conference that the business may use to get all the major operational managers in one platform. For special cases where the MD needs to perpetuate their perspectives, they may use the communication discreetly with departments which needs special instruction depending on the situation and need. [7] The method of communication as suggested above can be direct or via group conference where the direction gets the final seal for the process ahead. This gives the team a shared intent to do what is needed to be done as per the firms rules and needs. A clear-cut objective description is good enough for good professionals to get why and what is expected of them. Thus the support plan would include the limits and boundaries of each of the operative or executioner which would need special supervision for the change to be shown and seen. When each of the managers is clear about their objectives, the plan may Training to work where the details of the responsibilities are clear and achievable with time bound fashion. The agreement of reaching the five years plan from 2015 to 2020 suggests an increment of 15% of revenue to its previous year's figure. This simple target based achievements are key to making long term plans and guides where the ethics serve as the guide in each step. The responsibility of the new introduction is shared among all as the need of manpower to the technology to be used; training needed to achieve it; technology costs, etc. are to be considered. The departmental heads have to be aware of their responsibilities as departments to make the changes happen as per the need of the business. The MD may put forth one to supervise the entire change activities taking place across the firm while may also put in some needed changes communication to the departmental heads. The people as per the hierarchy are responsible for making the needed changes and reporting back the success of extent of the changes made back to the CEO. All from top to the down line staffs has to part of this project else it wont succeed. The business gets 75% of its profit to business and diverts the rest for employee growth development for best sustainable efforts which include technological innovations and use of it for the best results. The way the business drives its manpower is the key to it. [8] Manager Human Resources Message (what requirement of support) Communication method Method to obtain support for plan Responsibility Purpose: Identify their HR preferences Reach agreement on philosophies. Values and policies. The requirement of support is in the recruitment of the best talents as well as develops the in-house talents in the process of expansion. Training and development issues along with reward and recognition would be primary message of the HRD. The department as to take up the job of making people aware of the needed changes and the benefits it would give to the business. The people should find a space in such growth and development plan to give their best to achieve the CEO expressed desires. The HRD may call up the supervisors meet or get this announcement in informal get together where the people who have questions may be asked to get in touch with the respective supervisors or managers. A simple management agreement wont help the cause as it needs to be communicated downwards. The managers are given a proper briefing to let the people know what is expected out of them as well as the reward schemes and growth related issues5. The people have to be very closely associated with the business which the HR may develop through an integrated communication network and grievance management objective which would let the process get easier. Once the agreement is reached the process of implementation becomes easy. But to get people on the same platform is difficult where a lot of ground work needs to be done. The business should build up a situation where all expects to see the change and be a part of it. The responsibility of the division of the task is an HR activity which encompasses all the departmental chiefs for such activity. The supervisors are best suited to suggest who is good at what and what can be done with a particular talent. HR too keeps a file of success and skill records for the people working. The people in the business are the key as on this age as they are key to the excellence of the business along with its expansion plans. [9] Manager Retail Operations Message (what requirement of support) Communication method Method to obtain support for plan Responsibility Purpose: Identify their HR preferences Reach agreement on philosophies. Values and policies. The business of BizOp is dependent on its retails and its excellence being a fashion retail brand. Therefore, when the business goes multinational, it has to have the idea of the styles prevalent and is accepted across the globe. The multiculturalism is existent in the business which can further be broadened, and the preference of a particular market can also be studied in the process. The informal communication is a great way to go deep into the next issue of operations. The retail manager position is such that encourage new designs and product variations for best market outcomes. [10] The support for such plan comes with an intent discussion with the people associated with retails and all such stakeholders. The support for such a system encompass all other departments in various ways along with the retails itself as it sets for best outcomes through the peoples support in the department5. The responsibility of the Managing Director retails is to make all the stakeholders aware and make the intent clear where all finds a piece of gain for them as well. Hence getting all on the same board and striving to achieve is the key. People has to agree with it and the grievances if any needs to be sorted out by the top management. This gives the faith to the workers to proceed with the managements intents. Draft of Strategic HR Plan The business with to grow at a pace of 15% increase in revenue in the coming years from the previous year and also get 75% of that into the business for further development. The business has planned well where the strategic plan for the HR should be to communicate the intent of the management so that the planning of manpower is done with suitable efficiency. The training and development step those needs to be obtained also have to be made clear. The objective of getting new people in, growing larger, the career path for good performers are all part of the strategic HR policy. Therefore, once this process is concluded the gaps of manpower are clear, and thus the training or recruitment issues become prominent.[11] B. The HR needs to provide the best of technologies that are available or is planned to be used in the line production training for the business targets. Once that is achieved, the strategic objective has to be made clear to all so that they not only participate but also give feedbacks for better inputs and improvement. The cost incurred for the training (Suppose x) is meant to generate the business the needed 15% revenue growth each year which should be a figure much greater than the cost X incurred for training. Thus the cost of training is more compared to the benefits received. D. The training those can be given in-house has to be done in-house where the supervisors with a good deal of experience may come in to develop the new joiners on the job training to develop and grow fast. The new additions like technology needs external consultants who would give an hands-on experience of using such a technology to the users and for them who are not in the room or are in various other branches may have a direct video session which would be interactive and each may get a hands-on operational ability to make the session fruitful and objective.[12] E. Risk Categorization Table Priority Risk Likelihood Impact Level of risk Safety and security while handling new technology The risk may be to the instrument and the personnel too if not used properly Post training the likelihood is lesser. The impact would be great as the new technology may give itself a bad mane among the users. Depends on the usage methodologies which may vary from high to low. To make people aware of the risks associated with mishandling The risk of mishandling like electrocution, harm to the machinery, physical injury. The likelihood during the start is a bit high however with daily use of new technology and its mishandling dangers The impact may be huge if the incident has caused a major loss in terms workers health and wellbeing but the HR has to be clear about the level of damage it may cause and inform the people likewise.[13] The level of risk is part of determining the efficiency of the people in the handling of new technology. To make the accident or usage manuals available to all in operations and also keep people not adequately trained from handling them directly The risk levels need to be clearly mentioned to handle it. The likelihood of the occurrence should be minimal as the precautions are part of buying a new product. Should be less if proper training if imparted Depends on how it is handled. Signboards of what to done case of accident should be visible No risk in such a step Has to be there as part of operational policy Should be low if proper care is taking while installing and given proper training. [14] Lesser. Risk control Activity: Unauthorized use of machinery by untrained personnel Risks: May is risky to the machinery as well as the personnel. Control measures / treatments Control measure Strength Weakness Keep the untrained people out of that zone or allow them in with special supervision. Creates lesser chance of accident People may get less exposure to the new technology giving them a grievance of not being allowed Impact of risk /s on areas outside your responsibility No risk within the business should be treated as outside responsibility. A detailed note of investigation has to be made and circulated This would prevent the occurrence from happening again May deter people from using such instrument due to fear of accidents7. Personnel involved All in the shift along with HR staffs This gives the occurrence a greater look to get things sorted out Chaos in one part may let another part of production go standstill. [15] Expected outcomes of risk treatment plan The industry should have in-house first aid worker at all times as well as a local hospital with its ambulance facility being associated with the business to deal with such incidents. The accident is fast sorted out The accident may generate fear among others who may be unwilling to use the machinery in fear of the same fate8. Prepare a schedule for implementation Task / Activity Priority Action Timelines Responsible person A good training activity that gives the pros and cons of operations To keep people aware of dangers and avoid them and adopt the best safe process. Training with hands-on experience till they are affluent enough with the technology The first few weeks or till then up till when the management finds it safe and suitable. The departmental supervisor, the HR, and the Operations Chief Make a good working manual which describes all aspects and get them to the users or workers Get it to the workers for their reading and understanding as well as referencing from time to time. Circulate through the mail and keep a hard copy on the supervisor's desk at all times. Before and after the process starts as well as all along for the new joiners HR should be the responsible department Keep the warning signs and safety measures on hand to control any adverse situation. The visibility of such numbers for help or gadgets to stop the machine as and when needed to prevent further damage. The supervisor's training and the application of such signboards in all visible and public places in the plant. All throughout when the technology is being used HR along with Operations Chief G: Training and Development Project Name : Introduction of Painted T-shirts for Specific Festivals via Online Income Incl. GST Excl. GST AUD 2,20,000 AUD 2,20,000 AUD 2,00,000 Total income AUD 2,20,000 AUD 2,00,000 Expense Incl. GST Excl. GST AUD 1,80,000 AUD 1,80,000 AUD 1,60,000 Subtotal AUD 1,80,000 AUD 1,60,000 Contingency (+10%) AUD 2,00,000 AUD 1,80,000 Total AUD 2,40,000 AUD 2,20,000 (Income-Expense)+ Contingency Signature: Date General and Specific activity Specific activity (what is assessed or being done) hen activity occurs? (schedule) Who participates? (data collect, analysis) Who leads? (who is responsible for reporting?) When reported? (schedule) For whom? (report to.) Monitoring New joiners Induction training At the joining The supervisor and the new joiner HR inducted trainers During joining before getting into the job For the joiners Old workers Supervision and development of skills All through the career The workers The trainers As and when the supervisors needs For best output from workers Skill gap measurement Make the skill gap reduced with best of programs As and when needed The people with skill gaps The departmental heads or external trainer As and when the supervisors needs To get the best from workers[16] Evaluation The induction is completed with efficiency The department and their activities, his job role and supervisor, etc The needed names and job roles are described along with the regulations of the working policy[17] The joiners and their supervisors meant to supervise their activities The trainer leads During the time of joining for freshers For the business and the fresher both The new technology inputs to current workers The workers The new technology training is conducted by the trainer who is external in nature The employees who are already in the fold are into it. The trainer leads When the technology is decided to be implemented For the better performance of the business H. The shopping application strategies can be reviewed by the following: Making a guess with the number of clicks the brand is obtaining from its markets and its consumers The regularity of visit on the shopping sites[18] The sales to visit ratio which gives an idea of how many visits makes a sale via online shopping. The HR process would undertake planned steps to evaluate the performance which can be linked with the productivity to cost ratio or performance improved regarding quality and quantity of production after training was given. These are two most prominent facet of performance measurement and based on it the next level of performance for improvements.[19] References Bishop, D, "Small firms and the failure of national skills policies: adopting an institutional perspective". inInternational Journal of Training and Development, 19, 2015, 69-80. Carney, W, "From Stakeholders to Stockholders: A View from Organizational Theory". inSSRN Electronic Journal. Denby, S, "The importance of training needs analysis". inIndustrial and Commercial Training, 42, 2010, 147-150. Gamal Aboelmaged, M, "Harvesting organizational knowledge and innovation practices". inBusiness Process Mgmt Journal, 18, 2012, 712-734. Guvenen, F, "Do Stockholders Share Risk More Effectively Than Non-stockholders?". inSSRN Electronic Journal. Jarle Aarstad, "Do economic incentives alter ethical attitudes to vulnerable stakeholders in developing countries? Lessons from a controlled experiment". inAFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 5, 2011. Jennings, J, "Elaborating Theory about Entrepreneurial Passion: Insights from the Super Yacht Industry". inAcademy of Management Proceedings, 2012, 2012, 1-1. Karimi, S, H Biemans, T Lans, M Mulder, M Chizari, "The Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Developing Students Entrepreneurial Intentions". inSSRN Electronic Journal. Krueger, A, "Lessons from the great recession for developing countries". inAsian-Pacific Economic Literature, 27, 2013, 14-24. Kuei, C M Lu, "Integrating quality management principles into sustainability management". inTotal Quality Management Business Excellence, 24, 2013, 62-78. Lepicki, T A Boggs, "Needs Assessments to Determine Training Requirements". inNew Directions for Evaluation, 2014, 2014, 61-74. McBeth, M, D Lybecker, J Stoutenborough, "Do stakeholders analyze their audience? The communication switch and stakeholder personal versus public communication choices". inPolicy Sci, , 2016. McLAUGHLIN, E, "THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SELF-EFFICACY IN DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL CAREER INTENTIONS.". inAcademy of Management Proceedings, 2010, 2010, 1-5. Rong, K, J Wu, Y Shi, L Guo, "Nurturing business ecosystems for growth in a foreign market: Incubating, identifying and integrating stakeholders". inJournal of International Management, 21, 2015, 293-308. Shrestha, R, "Reflecting Rapid Market Appraisal: A Practical Tool for Training Needs Analysis". inJournal of Training and Development, 2, 2016, 50. Simons, N J Richardson, "New Roles, New Responsibilities: Examining Training Needs of Repository Staff". inJournal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication, 1, 2012. Thareja, P P Thareja, "Integrating Quality Environment Towards Total Business Management". inSSRN Electronic Journal. Tu, C S Yang, "The Role of Entrepreneurial Creativity in Entrepreneurial Processes". inInternational Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, , 2013. Witt, M G Stahl, "Foundations of Responsible Leadership: Asian Versus Western Executive Responsibility Orientations Toward Key Stakeholders". inJ Bus Ethics, 136, 2015, 623-638.

Tragic Hero in Modern Drama Essay Example

Tragic Hero in Modern Drama Essay Modern drama tends to combine faith of the character and reality in one play. There are many plays where tragic heroes manage to survive, but they fail to cope with their inner passions and ego. I think that this idea is central to Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House†, especially to Nora’s character. In the novel the author shows the changing nature of Nora stressing that relations with her husband have resulted in miscommunication and misunderstanding. Therefore, the paper discusses the character of tragic hero in relation to Nora and her opposing characteristics to such a definition. The objective of the paper is to prove that Nora is not a tragic hero because she is able to enact toward her own fate. Plato’s idea of tragic hero will be incorporated to provide the platform for the argument of the paper. Ibsen incorporates Plato’s ideas about morality and free will in the play. Morality, according Plato, is the reason why a person does something in particular way. Ibsen allows Nora to leave dull life with Helmer. Nora has a freewill choice and she decides to become strong person, rather than tragic hero. Nora doesn’t feel strong and confident when she lives with Helmer and she realizes that she is morally obligated to herself and the existing universe to change her life. She decides to escape from life of common housewife in order to explore real, yet unknown world. For example, Ibsen writes about Nora: â€Å"Maybe.   But you neither think nor talk like the man I could bind myself to.   As soon as your fear was over-and it was not fear for what threatened me, but for what might happen to you-when the whole things was past, as far as you were concerned it was exactly as if nothing at all had happened.   Exactly as before, I was your little skylark, your doll, which you would in future treat with doubly gently care, because it was so brittle and fragile.   Torvald it was then it dawned upon me that for eight years I had been living here with a strange man, and had borne him three children.   Oh, I cannot bear to think of it!   I could tear myself into little bits!   Ah, Torvald, the most wonderful thing of all would have to happen† (71-72). We will write a custom essay sample on Tragic Hero in Modern Drama specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tragic Hero in Modern Drama specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tragic Hero in Modern Drama specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Modern drama is interested in human nature. Actually, it defines human nature as the nature of reason. It means that it is not strictly associated with human feelings and passions. Ibsen is willing to represent reality truthfully. Morality then, becomes the crux of playwriting.   Morality is reason.   However, it doesn’t mean that classic Greek writers were ascetic. Instead, they portrayed passion, emotions and feelings in their works. They argue that ethics of humanity leads character to happiness at the end of the modern play. Plato defines such situation as eudemonism, which means blissful. In the final scene of the play this word is used to describe correctly Nora’s state of mind when she leaves her husband. For example, one analysts – Johnston argues that Nora’s decisions are similar to Antigone’s tragedy. He writes: â€Å"It is, by contrast, a tragedy, and Nora has (for me) far more in common with, say, Oedipus or Antigone than she has with Major Barbara or the Goodbye Girl.   Her exit, thus, is much more a self-destructive assertion of her uncompromising and powerful ego†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (Johnston Paragraph 5) Simply saying, when leaving the husband, Nora proves that she is a strong person who is willing to shape her own life outside her husband’s path. Nora makes her decisions by free will and, therefore, she is of heroic nature, rather than of tragic one. One more point to mention is that character should be discussed in terms of choice which is rooted in virtue. Modern plays are not only written obsessively about virtue, but also about the reality of an individual when they are presented with their own humanity.   Heroes in the played are defined according their respond to state of humanity.   Thus, Nora has to be considered a hero as she realizes that she has to change her life herself and not to wait for someone’s help. Moreover, she doesn’t become upset about her chances or circumstances in contrast to Torvald. Ibsen, in such a way, should be treated as optimistic writer. Plato believed in human nature and he was both an optimist and realist. Plato had his own ideas about the evil in the person stating that that a person only does evil in ignorance, for he believed everyone, just as himself, wants only what is good. Nora seeks for new life, to express her true identity and personality, to express her emotions and feelings. He doesn’t want to fulfill her husband’s wishes and desires any more. However, Helmer can’t understand why Nora decides to leave him. Helmer is presented as truly egotistical character whose selfish nature refuses to allow his wife to leave him for any reason and in this thought his tragedy is revealed. In modern drama the lesson is how to make a free choice, not how to escape from reality. And Nora shows that every person is able to make his choices. In modern drama choices can be either good or evil. They can be dichotomized into heroism and a state of succumbing to one’s own humanity. The tragic hero may perform badly, but in the end of the novel good always wins. When character does evil things, he/she is driven by unlimited desire. The person becomes obsessive and he simply is willing to do something evil to receive satisfaction – as Torvald expected Nora to be his constant ‘doll’. Such situation emerges when appetitive part of the soul overtakes the rational part making person weaker. In other words, when natural desires are on the first place, then the person isn’t interested in revealing the truth or the reason.   Nora and Torvald are to extreme characters in the play and in modern drama: Nora is the hero who manages to take control of her life and to make free will choice instead of simply following her husband’s life, whereas Helmer fails to make his own choice and he doesn†™t want Nora to leave him and to go her own way. His denial is likely to be based on ignorance and lack of control over his own life. (Wientraub 68) Modern drama, as Ibsen shows in his â€Å"A Doll House†, is the truth of life and self reflection through characters. Realism is used by the author to explain Nora’s free will decisions. The borders between good and evil disappear when the audience decides to justify Nora in her choices. Nora has to leave her husband to develop her own standards, not her husband’s. Surely, Ibsen is realist who states that circumstances play crucial role in human contingencies. This is especially true for Nora. The author represents with life at human entire naked state. For Helmer his ‘naked state’ is when he realizes that he can’t to take control over his life and his wife anymore and the life he used to is ruined when Nora leaves. Helmer lacks control and it is a direct reflection of Nora’s choice. In his lack of control the audience or reader may see that Helmer is a man whose actions are determined by a set of rules and, moreover, he does not believ e in surprises. He is shocked that Nora is leaving and the audience can see that life was not what Helmer expected. The climatic scene in the play is when Nora decides to leave her life, as her husband defines, and it makes the play’s characters multi-dimensional. The promise of modern drama is veracity which takes control over depression of life and deception toward everyman. Ibsen was honest in his writing, and he doesn’t depict heroic standards in his play as everyone has his own Achilles heel. Despite the fact that the play ends with a sad note, the central idea is that every person has to make his own choices going through life. The realism of choice allows the audience to believe they may follow the fate or to change their lives. Modern drama doesn’t give no illusions about harsh reality, but she gives the difference between fate and circumstance.

Free Essays on GIMPEL, NAIVE AND KIND

Gimpel, Kind and Naive â€Å"I don’t think of myself a fool. On the contrary. But that’s what folks call me.† Gimpel, the main character in â€Å"Gimpel the Fool† written by Isaac Bashevis Singer, narrates the story with precise honesty. Gimpel portrays a foolish man whom throughout his life, those who surround him, ridicule and deceive him. Information obtained by what he says and does, also by what others say about him, determine Gimpel’s character and personality. Gimpel is a static character of a story about a man wiser and kinder than those who deceive and mock him. The seven names given to Gimpel as a child by his classmates include: â€Å"Imbecile, donkey, flax-head, dope, glump, ninny, and fool.† In truth Gimpel contrary to fool, portrays just naivety and goodness. Gimpel’s goodness shows when his classmates, â€Å"Stuffed [his] hands with goat turds† instead â€Å"of the raisins they give when a woman’s lying in,† and he does nothing. Gimpel knows this whole time about the strength he has to slap someone â€Å"he’d see Cracow.† Instead he honors his philosophy by stating, â€Å"Let it pass.† The people of Frampol, the only town Gimpel’s ever known, ridicules and mocks him throughout his adolescence. Gimpel chooses to let everything go without a word being said so that situations do not worsen with comments such as, â€Å"If I ever dared to say ‘Ah, you’re kidding!’ there was trouble. People got angry.† A deceived Gimpel marries Elka, a promiscuous woman who throughout their twenty years of marriage never treats him as a human being. Elka cheats on Gimpel with several men. She gives birth to six children, none of which Gimpel fathered. Nevertheless, Gimpel loves the children with love a biological father can only give. Gimpel knows the truth the whole time, but he still loves Elka blindly. Gimpel’s character of a kind man who strongly believes in God and his guidance shows when he seeks the Rabbi for... Free Essays on GIMPEL, NAIVE AND KIND Free Essays on GIMPEL, NAIVE AND KIND Gimpel, Kind and Naive â€Å"I don’t think of myself a fool. On the contrary. But that’s what folks call me.† Gimpel, the main character in â€Å"Gimpel the Fool† written by Isaac Bashevis Singer, narrates the story with precise honesty. Gimpel portrays a foolish man whom throughout his life, those who surround him, ridicule and deceive him. Information obtained by what he says and does, also by what others say about him, determine Gimpel’s character and personality. Gimpel is a static character of a story about a man wiser and kinder than those who deceive and mock him. The seven names given to Gimpel as a child by his classmates include: â€Å"Imbecile, donkey, flax-head, dope, glump, ninny, and fool.† In truth Gimpel contrary to fool, portrays just naivety and goodness. Gimpel’s goodness shows when his classmates, â€Å"Stuffed [his] hands with goat turds† instead â€Å"of the raisins they give when a woman’s lying in,† and he does nothing. Gimpel knows this whole time about the strength he has to slap someone â€Å"he’d see Cracow.† Instead he honors his philosophy by stating, â€Å"Let it pass.† The people of Frampol, the only town Gimpel’s ever known, ridicules and mocks him throughout his adolescence. Gimpel chooses to let everything go without a word being said so that situations do not worsen with comments such as, â€Å"If I ever dared to say ‘Ah, you’re kidding!’ there was trouble. People got angry.† A deceived Gimpel marries Elka, a promiscuous woman who throughout their twenty years of marriage never treats him as a human being. Elka cheats on Gimpel with several men. She gives birth to six children, none of which Gimpel fathered. Nevertheless, Gimpel loves the children with love a biological father can only give. Gimpel knows the truth the whole time, but he still loves Elka blindly. Gimpel’s character of a kind man who strongly believes in God and his guidance shows when he seeks the Rabbi for...

Design for Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Design for Environment - Assignment Example Also the regulations for environmentally friendly cars, the improvements in design of these green cars, the emission characteristics have been discussed. I. Recyclable household items: According to an article by Kat Long (2010), the most commonly recyclable house hold items are paper , cardboard, plastic, metals, glass, E- wastes, printer cartridges and batteries. Plastics: Recycling of plastic wastes has become a prime concern due to poor biodegradability of the materials used. According to Achilias.D. et al (2008), â€Å"Polyolefins (LDPE, HDPE, PP) are a major type of thermoplastic used throughout the world in such applications as bags, toys, containers, pipes (LDPE), houswares, industrial wrappings and film, gas pipes (HDPE), film, battery cases, automotive parts, electrical components (PP).† While the condensation polymers can be easily recycled, the addition polymers like PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) are difficult to recycle (Karayannidis and Achilias, 2007). Achili as and Karayannidis (2004), propose a thermochemical recycling called pyrolysis that produce liquid form like gasoline. Sustained Plastic waste management involves the mechanical or chemical methods in which the polypropylene and polyethylenes are converted into useful end products. In mechanical recycling, the polymer is dissolved in a solvent and is separated. Achilias.D. et al (2008) claim that the polymer recovery can be greater than 90% by the choice of proper solvents. The end product quality has been examined by Fourier Transform – Infra Red (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The end products of these recycling methods include hydrocarbon gases and oils, which can be again reused as feedstock in petrochemical plants. E – waste: E wastes are primarily the old unused computers, cell phones and other electronic gadgets. In the official website of Apple, ( iMac and the environment, ) , it is stated that the challenging task faced by the computer ind ustry with respect to environmentally friendly design is the use of materials involving mercury, arsenic, phthalates, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), PVC in their products and copper wires. The first E-waste recycling was introduced in Switzerland and later followed by the European Union with the â€Å"Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive† (WEEE Directive, 2002/96/EC). One crude method of recycling the wires include burning the wires together to extract copper from them. Researchers say that these crude methods may lead to more contamination of air, soil and water. This drives the manufacturers of electronic goods to opt for environmentally friendly materials like mercury free backlighting and display glasses that are free from arsenic. Also choosing materials that are thinner, smaller and lighter enables lesser materials to be used. This reduced usage of materials leads to lesser green gas emissions. (The story behind Apple’s environment footprint, www.apple.com/environment/ ). The manufacturers also undertake a complete life cycle assessment of the product with respect to environmental factors. They also use hybrid methods that save energy by reducing the consumption of energy. For example, Apple proposes three techniques for reduced energy consumption. They are efficient power supply, proper power management and using low

Child Trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Trafficking - Essay Example These children, having suffered at the hands of fate get tempted by such offers, mainly because they want to make good money to serve their personal and family needs. Such children sometimes even step out of their houses with these agents, even without their parental consent. Actually neither the child nor the â€Å"adult is usually aware of the full implications of their actions† (What is Child Trafficking para. 2). Often, by the time these children are rescued, it is generally too late. The children who have been trafficked and sexually exploited have to bear various consequences varying from unwanted pregnancies to HIV/AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. The physical scars can still be dealt with but the psychological scars remain to haunt them for a lifetime! Unfortunately, though many children get rescued their sufferings continue. According to an NGO, Plan USA, â€Å"The causes of child trafficking are complex and often reinforce each other. Victims are often made vulnerable by factors including poverty, the attraction of perceived higher standards of living, lack of employment opportunities, organized crime, violence and discrimination against women and children, government corruption, political instability and armed conflict† (What is Child Trafficking para. 2). ... The statistics show that in the last 20 year's time, anti trafficking organizations have worked harder to accept, understand, research and resolve the issue. But, despite of these continuous efforts, the problem remains unresolved. Therefore, it is time to make cumulative effort globally to eradicate such heinous issues thriving around us. â€Å"Some shocking numbers: Approximately 80% of human trafficking victims are women and girls of which upto 50% are minors. – U.S. State Department The average age of entry for children, who have been victims of the sex trade industry is about 12 years. – U.S. Department of Justice The global market for child trafficking is over $12 billion a year, with more than 1.2 million child victims. – UNICEF Surveys indicate that 30 to 35 % of all sex workers in Mekong (sub-region of Southeast Asia) are between 12 and 17 years of age. – UNICEF The average cost of slavery today is $90, a historic low† (Bales). Apart from w hat the governments across the world are doing to end child trafficking, there are other non profit agencies which are aiming towards rescuing children from hunger, abuse and disease. Each day, more and more children are trafficked into prostitution, forced labor, child marriages and other kinds of slavery. â€Å"Each day, the challenges grow greater for those who seek to prevent child trafficking and provide care for children who have been trafficked† (Our Mission para. 2). We all wait for someone else to bring about that change ! A general tendency is not to bother about the problem - unless it befalls upon us. That is precisely the reason why problems which are occurring on global level seldom find a global and effective solution. Sometimes it is people’s fear that holds them back from raising

Constitution in 2013 - Changes and Interpretations Term Paper

Constitution in 2013 - Changes and Interpretations - Term Paper Example e idea of arming the citizens dated back to around 700 AD in England when King Alfred required all the citizens to be armed depending on their financial status with the poorest at least owning a spear and a lance. With time, the ownership of weapons was even allowed to the workers of a landowner, which was in preparation for crossing the sea to Gascavy. This paper will explain the history of the right to own weapons in American bill of rights and how the interpretation of the same has changed for the last two centuries including the relevant Supreme Court cases involved. In1785 delegates from two states of Maryland and Virginia met to address the inadequacies that were in the present in the articles of the confederation, and a year later, another meeting was held with delegates from five states that identified the solutions to the problems. These includes setting up of an arbitration process to handle disputes between states, the need for setting up a militia to defend the states against foreign invasions and an interstate force that is trained to suppress insurrections especially by the slaves. Federalists such as James Madison who supported the congress to be given the power over security and forming the army was of the opinion that the federal government would not be able to raise a strong enough army to counter the militias. However anti federalists were not supportive of the constitution that gave such huge powers to the federal government as they thought the federal government would decide to disarm the militias. In order to solve the gridlock and push ahead with the adoption of the constitution, a compromise had to be reached and the anti federalists wanted the powers of the federal government to be decentralized (Geber 48). It was agreed that a bill of rights should be included in the constitutions so the federalists promised to support an amendment of the constitution if it was adopted and this convinced many of the anti federalists to support the

Reading Aloud: Challenges and Solutions

Reading Aloud: Challenges and Solutions This assignment is my guide to the final step of my dissertation. In this assignment, I will discuss in details about what I will do for my dissertation. First, I will discuss my topic and why I have chosen, it and I will indicate my research questions and sub-questions. Next, I will identify key areas I need to read about and I will summarize 11 books and articles that give useful theoretical background for my research. The topics I am interested include define reading, then the process, models, methods of teaching reading, strategies readers use and the miscue analysis in relation to reading strategies. This second section will help me build the literature review for my dissertation. Finally, I will describe my research procedure and research methods I am going to use. Section one: My topic and why I chose it My topic is about problems my pupils have in reading aloud and find ways of improving my pupils reading aloud. I have chosen this topic because in my experience as a teacher I faced and taught different kinds of pupils from different levels, I have found that most of them have problems in reading, particularly reading aloud. Some of them are good in reading aloud but have many do substitute other words, have omission of words or letter-sounds while reading. This could be due to lack of sight vocabulary, lack of phonic skills, lack of strategies for reading. Some of them cant produce a single word. I discovered that pupils were learning nothing if they could not read aloud. My pupils who cannot read aloud have general difficulty in decode any reading text successfully. I believe my research is important because reading aloud is very important for my pupils in grade 9, which is closer to the final school leaving examinations in grade 12. I hope it may able me and my colleges to find the diagnoses to help the participants and in future to help all my pupils with their reading problems . In my research I wil try to analyze and describe their miscues in reading aloud according to their levels good, average and week. That time I couldnt do any thing about it because I didnt have the experience to help them. After I joined the B.A course and studied EDUC 2031 TEYL, EDUC2033 Initial Literacy, EDUC2028 Language learning from these modules I realized the nature of young learners how do they learn, how do they acquire new language and how to teach reading to young learners. As I understood the older ways of teaching reading focused on letters and words and how to say them, all language books are concerning on that view only. The new researches showed a different view which rely on development of all language skills so, because reading in a second language is seen as a thinking exercise thats not only concerned on reading words, sentences and pages only but it is on developing language as a whole. Reading is the main reason to build the personality of a person as I mentioned before and it is the main thing that teaching and learning stands on because it is a communication way between the learner and the academic culture in the schools . I would like my pupils to be able to use reading for study, for pleasure , to understand and to interact with what they learning. My pupils are in grade 9 of general education school at the age of 14 years old with different ability levels. They have been studying English for five years only using Our World Through English. They started leaning English from grade 4. In addition, they are similar in many things such as pupils environment, strengths and weakness areas they have. I decided to do research for my dissertation where I will focus on finding the difficulties my pupils face in reading aloud and helping me find ways to improve my pupils in reading aloud. Although my research will focus on reading aloud, from my experience a pupil cannot read aloud well, he can have little or no comprehension when he read silently. My research question is: How can I develop the reading aloud abilities of my grade nine pupils?. My sub-questions will be: What miscues my good pupils and weak pupils make when reading aloud? Based on my miscue analysis, what reading strategies do my good pupils and my weak pupils use when reading aloud? What reading strategies can I encourage my pupils to develop to improve their reading? In my research the subjects will be six pupils from 2 of them are good , the other 2 are average and the last 2 are weak pupils) (785 words) Section 2 Summaries of relevant literature The key areas I will need to read about for my research are: reading process models of reading Methods of teaching reading. reading strategies miscue analysis How miscue analysis can be used to identify the reading strategies that pupils use and the errors they make. In this section I discuss 11 books / articles that I want to use for my dissertation because they will help me to develop my understanding of issues related to my research. The aspects that are relevant to my study are summarized below. Urquhart and Weir(1998) Urquhart and Weir discuss three models of reading and I will state them here : Bottom up approach. They say this analyses begin with the stimulus, i.e. the text, or bits of the text. They say that in Goughs (1972) model, the reader begins with letters, which are recognized by a scanner. The information thus gained is passed to decoder, which converts the string of letters into a string of systematic phonemes, then word, then sentence then text. So bottom-up models are sequential in that one stage is completed before another is begun. Top-down approaches. Since bottom-up models starts with the smallest text unit, either letters or letter features, we could expect, then, that top-down models begin with the largest unit, the whole text. According to Urquhart and Weir for top-down model of reading, readers first use their background knowledge to help them make a sense from the text. So for top-down approaches background knowledge is very important. Interactive approach. In interactive models (Urquhart and Weir refer to Rumelhart, 1977), there is no regular sequence from top to bottom or from bottom up. They quote Stanovich the best known proponent of interactive models, that in interactive models a pattern is synthesized based on information provided simultaneously from several source (1980:35). So in interactive approaches reader uses both small text units and background knowledge to make sense out of a text at the same time. Urquhart and Weir describes reading strategies to be a conscious response to difficulties in the text while reading action selected deliberately to achieve goals (Is this a Quotation?). Aebersold and Field (1997) Aebersold and Field also have sections on models of reading (bottom up , top down and interactive). They also focus on the readers experience in learning how to read and the ways reading fits into their lives. They give five common influential sources for information that affect reading development, particularly family, the community and the school influence. They mention that despite relatively small size, a family can foster a variety of experience that affects a childs reading development. They say that the community influence provides readers with a set of varied life experiences that also shape their individual knowledge. Thirdly the school can bring children into contact with communities other than their own or they can be homogeneous institution that reflect shared values. This is interesting because in Oman children learn English without much support from the family or the community and school does not bring child in contact to many other communities. Riley (1996) This article has a section on models of reading (bottom up , top down and interactive). The author discusses how schema theory describes the process by which readers combine their own background knowledge with the information in a text to help them comprehend that text. All readers carry different schemata (background information) and these are also often culture-specific. This is an important concept in ESL teaching, and many books have pre-reading tasks that are designed to build or activate the learners schemata. The author also highlights some of the limitations of the use of the schema-theory approach and points out the importance both of developing the learners vocabulary and of encouraging extensive reading. (This sounds as if it is copied. Beware plagiarism, Saif.) Wray and Medwell (1991) This article focuses on reading process , models of reading and approaches to teaching reading. In reading process, they mentioned that reading is a highly complicated process, and there are a number of insights and concepts that the successful reader must develop. In models of reading, they discuss bottom-up models, top-down models, and interactive models and they strongly criticize the bottom up model. They also have a section on teaching reading approaches look and say, phonic methods of teaching reading and language experience approach. I discuss these under Graton and Spratt (1998) below. Graton and Pratt (1998) This book have useful sections on methods of teaching reading (whole word , phonics , language experience ) the methods teachers can use to teach pupils how to read. Most teachers use these methods to help their student in reading , sometimes they chooses one of these methods but some teachers work on two or more because they think each method is completed by the other. The phonic method as widely used from the language teachers to teach reading and writing in the English for second language learners. It is relies on children being taught the alphabet first. Then they learn to pronounce the sounds of the letters . However it is difficult to depend only to phonics because English is not a regular spelling language. The second method is look and say or whole word method. Here pupils learn to recognize whole words or sentences rather than individual sounds. The pupils will look at a word which the teacher sound, often with a picture, and in turns will repeat the word. The problem is that it does not teach children to work out new words for themselves. The context support method can be used when the pupils are just learning to read and it is important to choose exercises or activities that really interest them. If the pupils like cars, choose an activity or exercises with pictures and simple words about cars. This will keep their interest and they will enjoy learning with the teach. OMalley and Valdez Pierce (2001) OMalley and Valdez Pierce give a useful part about miscue analysis (p 124-5). They say it involves listening to a student reading aloud and recording the miscues. In types of miscues, they mention repetitions, substitutions, insertions, omissions and self-corrections. They also recommend the teacher must get the student to answer reading comprehension questions. They say miscue analysis can provide information about (1) the readers ability to use language and the reading process (2) it can be used for assessing reading, the readers approaches to reading and reading comprehension (3) information for revising approaches to teaching reading, how it can be used by teachers effectively to improve their learners reading. This book has useful lists of reading strategies (p 121-123) and suggest how miscue analysis can be used to identify reading strategies readers are using. The authors talk about reading in the native language then reading in second language, which I am interested in. The writers said that learners who do have native language literacy skills might not know how to transfer their skills to the second language without specific strategy instruction. Carter and Nunan (Eds.) (2001) Carter and Nunan (Eds) (2001) define reading strategies as Ways of accessing text meaning which are employed flexibly and selectively in the course of reading. In teaching, attention is paid to the manner in which the reader is able to draw effectively on existing linguistic and background knowledge. They list the good reading strategies that learners use to help them read in a very efficient way, to get maximum benefit from their reading with minimum effort. These include drawing inferences, predicting and using information in the text such as pictures. They also discuss miscue analysis in relation to reading strategies: As they say, miscue analysis refers to the study of the text alterations conducted by the subject while the pupil reads the text and would be very impossible without reading aloud. Carter and Nunan (Eds) (2001) assert that for early readers miscue analysis can be used by teachers to assess the quality and quantity of learners errors in their processing of text. First, this is especially useful for L2 learners who because of their interlanguage system may show systemic syntactic and phonological departures from Standard English. In addition, they argue that miscues will be based on learners current interlanguage rather than because of misunderstanding the text. Wallace (2001) p26 in Carter and Nunan (2001) Wallace discusses miscue analysis and she focuses on how miscue analysis can be used for early readers to assess the quality and the quantity of learners errors. Beard (1987) Beard has a section on miscue analysis and methods of teaching reading (whole word , phonics , language experience). The author focuses on miscue analysis and gives some models of how to use miscue analysis to develop pupils reading and how miscue analysis can fulfill an important diagnostic function of a kind not readily offered by other more established means of reading assessment. Cameron (2001) The author has sections on reading strategies , models of reading (bottom up , top down and interactive) , methods of teaching reading(whole word , phonics , language experience ) and discusses how miscues can help the teacher identify the reading strategies a reader is using . The author gives an example from her experience of reading with a little Malaysian girl. The author mentioned that she had introduced her to the strategies such as: With the word bar, I pointed to the first letter , the sound of which she knew, and then she managed to sound out the word. With the word rather I just told her the word and did not spend any time on it , because it was not crucial to the meaning of the story and is not a particularly useful word to learn at her stage. ith the word meals I told her the word and then explained the meaning as the story progressed and the heroine moved from break fast to tea. When she came to watching TV she said washing . From this miscue I could see that she was making a good attempt at the word and had noticed the initial consonant and the final rime. www.mindtools.com/pages/articals/ According to www.mindtools.com/pages/articals/ miscue analysis refers to the study of text alterations made by the subject while s/he reads the text aloud. They summarise the research of Clay, Goodman and Weber (Davies 1995, p13) and they give a useful list of types of miscues. They say that the alterations often made by a reader are: Substitution (another word is pronounced instead of the printed word) Self-correction (the reader realizes his/her mistake and corrects by him/herself.) Repetition (the printed word is repeated orally) Omission (a word is missed from the text) Insertion (a word not in the text is added by the reader) Reversal (the word order gets changed or inverted) Hesitation (the reader pauses or makes a sound indicating hesitation) A long pause. The article also relates the miscues to approaches. It says that if a reader shows more hesitations, long pauses and self-correction, this shows a bottom up approach with the reader giving most attention to pronouncing the printed words. If a reader shows more miscues such as omission, insertion, reversal and substitution, this shows a more top-down approach where the reader is paying attention to the meaning of the whole text, not reading word by word. (Check this is not plagiarized. Can you give authors?) (1,910 words) How I will investigate my research question As discussed above, my research question will be How can I develop the reading aloud abilities of my grade nine pupils ? My Approach: For my approach and method, I read Blaxter, Hughes, Tight, (2000), Cohen, Manion, Morrison (2000), Nunan (1992). For my research approach, I will use an action research approach enabling me to investigate my own pupils over a period. Action research grows from the idea that a good teacher is one who reflects on what happens in the classroom à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" possibly with a view to changing it. (EDUC3079 session3). My Method For my research I will plan to use miscue analysis and interviews. The miscue analysis will provide quantitative data and the interviews will provide qualitative data. I will select a text from the course book which is not familiar to my pupils , I will let them each to read aloud this text , I will record them while reading , then I will use miscue analyses to help me analyse their mistakes. Finally I will interview each pupil, I will ask questions to to assess their comprehension of the text, to get them to tel me what strategies they used to work out the meanings of some words and to try to find out why they failed to read certain words correctly. The research Procedure My research will include an unknown reading text from the OWTE course book that the six pupils will read it in order to have effective and organized results for my research question. This text from the course book OWTE that I think will be not familiar for the pupils because I gave it to them for the first time (See the appendix). First I will use pre-reading questions to prepare each pupil for the reading. Pre-reading is a way of sampling where the students are familiar to the content that you are going to give them. It is a useful strategy for beginning with a class, especially when classes contain students with mixed abilities coming from a diversity of backgrounds. Then each pupil will read the text and I record it. Then I will note down all the miscues. Finally I will interview them to examine their understanding, to assess their comprehension of the text, to get them to tel me what strategies they used to work out the meanings of some words and to try to find out why they faile d to read certain words correctly. My Expectations: I expect some problems, and here I discuss how I will overcome them: Miscue analysis, I cannot assume that any two pupils will have the same miscues. In addition, anxiety may cause artificial results. To overcome these problems, I will choose six pupils from different levels. I will try to get them relaxed, so I will tell them about the reason for my research, and I will do the recording in a quiet place, so we are undisturbed. Pupils may feel boring from doing reading every time, so I must prepare a good situation for them to feel comfortable. The main problem I think it is the time. These kinds of studies should not used in a short period because the researcher need to try many ways to investigate his pupils and his study in order to collect a valid, reliable data. Conclusion: The EDUC 3079 helped me a lot on finding solutions for many problems that I will face in future in my life as a teacher to help my pupils to reach the successes in their life as students. I learned how to read a lot and how to use the linguistics theories to help my pupils and to learn and discover the problems. The use of miscue analysis is a very useful way to solve pupils weaknesses in reading because it is allows me to focus on the problem it self , and how to deal with each problem individually.

Performance Budgeting :: American Government, Budgeting Initiatives

This paper examines the benefit of performance based budgeting as a practical theory of efficiency for government programming. Confronted by fiscal limitation and demand for improved public services, government agencies are utilizing the budget as a means to elevate government accountability and efficiency, rather than simply as a means for distributing funds and controlling expenses. Performance based budgeting has been defined as a system wherein managers are provided with the flexibility to utilize agency resources as required, in return for their commitment to achieve certain performance results. (Brewer, 3) Performance budgeting is a system of planning, budgeting, and evaluation that emphasizes the relationship between money budgeted and results expected. (Government of Alberta, 1) Performance budgeting signifies an important divergence from habitual line item budgeting. A line item budget is mainly a tool for controlling expenditures it characteristically indicates the amount of spending permitted for particular purposes. As a fiscal year progresses, departmental spending must remain within the budgeted amounts unless formal budget amendments are approved. Under line item budgeting spending in one category cannot automatically be used to supplement another category. (Government of Alberta, 2) While traditional budgets can be useful in assisting managers with internal control, they are not typically as useful as a policy or decision making tool. Line-item budgets assure elected and administrative officials that money is being spent only for approved purposes, but they do not show what is being accomplished with the money. (Government of Alberta, 3) Additional drawbacks to line-item budgets involve the promotion of indolence, due to the minor modifications made to budget planning each year. Line-item budgeting can result in ineffective and costly actions because management is not allowed the flexibility to address changing situations. (Virginia Society of Certified Public Accountants, 7) Many government programs are often forced to use funding, or lose funding at the end of a program year; these restrictive processes have the potential to invite micromanagement and impede the fulfillment of program objectives. (Government of Alberta, 3) In comparison, performance budg eting has more of a policymaking orientation it links plans, measures, and budgets and it pushes administrators and policymakers to contemplate the big picture. (Brewer, 23) Performance budgeting provides useful information about the impact of budget decisions on people and gives departments increased budgetary flexibility. Additionally, performance budgeting allows for ongoing monitoring and strengthens legislative decision making and oversight.

Benefits and Losses upon moving to Canada Essay

There have always been changes upon moving to another place whether it’s within the country or outside of country to abroad. When a person, after many years adjusts in a place his/she’s mind is set and comfortable with everything around him/her. Therefore, if that person moves to another place he/she will face different advantages and disadvantages. For example, I use to live in Pakistan and moving to Canada at the age of 8. I found few advantages in Canada such as the education system, and rules and regulations for all. But, disadvantages were leaving the culture, and the society. About 10 years ago, when moved to Canada, Pakistan was and still is a very slow developing country that had a medium education system even in the high end society. The system in schools in Pakistan were not based on any kind of levels such as academic, applied, and ESL compared to what it is here in Canadian high schools. Pakistani schools’ inside environment just seemed like if you are not in school rather at some tutoring center that only had rooms but no other activities or clubs going on except the sports. But Canadian school’s inside environment makes you feel like if you are actually in school the way it is decorated, different activities are going on, and every student has a locker. In Pakistan, teachers are putting too much of the load of homework and basic work on students no matter what the age, and without caring about how it will effective the student. But, I have seen in Canada that there are rules for teachers to put a certain amount of load on students. However, nowadays Pakistan has developed a better schooling system in high end society just like the British system. As you hear on the news regarding the bribery, and many more frauds happening in Pakistan that includes the government officials but solves the issues by bribing people or using power. There is just so much of the corruption in Pakistan due to the bribery. If you commit a murder and bribe the police then, you can get away easily and the police might just blame it on some poor guy who cannot even for two times a day food. There is just not bribery problem but political religion practices and the laws made. A female cannot just wear a bikini on a public beach unless that female is rich and has power. Powerful and rich people had made their own laws and if someone interrupts then, that person is punished. Some rules and laws are for everyone but are not enforced. For example, if a person is just walking on the road to his work and if police stops you for doing nothing and gives you two option that are to give some money to them or they will put the person in jail in a false case. A poor person is getting way poorer and a rich person is getting way richer. As compared to Canada, a place where everyone can practice their religion. In Canada, a person gets justice no matter who it is, rich or poor. There are different sectors made by the government for the justice of Canadian residents, for example, if you have been mistreated or stopped to practice your freedom and right then there are sectors like Charter of Rights and Freedoms, where you can claim any injustice done to you. There is no bribery or very less bribery as one out of a hundred percent bribery in Canada, therefore, the laws are fair and equal to every individual. However, Pakistan is the best place to live when comes to culture and society as the majority of people that I am more comfortable talking with are in Pakistan. Leaving the loved once around you and all that you have grown up doing will never be forgotten. I used to wake up in the morning by hearing the â€Å"ADHAAN† the holy call for prayer form the mosque on almost a daily routine and then getting ready for school, watching all kind of different people coming to your house for chit-chatting, socially gathering on a daily basis without any appointment, and playing with friends on the roof and all other stuff you are grown up in and with will not b found anywhere else. People helping each other in every little to huge problems, for example, if police came to your house and took you for just an investigation or has put a false charges on you then, the whole society or at least the people that lives by your house will just go and help you in any circumstances no matter its day/night or matter of money. Whereas in Canada, many people don’t even know their neighbours, and if in case they do still no one comes forward to help their neighbours in any circumstances. But since I have moved to Canada, I am trying to be myself but at the same time adopt the society and culture I am living in. There are always good and bad things about moving to another place, for some its good due to certain problems and for others it’s not. In this case of mine I would consider this to be as a good change as I am living in a society with the best education and everything works in an order. Everyone feels homesickness but slowly adjusts to the place they are living in. Therefore, there are always advantages and disadvantages in carious things, for example, the education, rules and regulation in Canada is an advantage for me but, the society and culture I had to leave is a disadvantage. Now that I live in Canada, I consider it as my own country.